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Metodologia para Medição de Tensões Residuais na Região Soldada por Centelhamento em Trilhos Ferroviários
(Instituto de Tecnologia, 2018) OLIVEIRA, Brás Senra de; REIS, Marcos Allan Leite dos
Railway rails are purchased in 24-meter pieces and welded to larger bars, up to 360 meters, before being installed on track. These welds, when in service, suffer deformations that can lead to the fracture of the welded joint. This work aims to present a methodology to measure residual stresses in the flash butt welded zone on rails. The rails used were hardness level greater than 370 HB, carbon content approximately 0.79%. The rails were welded through flash butt process, carried out by the stationary equipment Schlatter GAAS 80. The technologies currently applied for the measurement of residual stress demands destructive or semi-destructive tests. This dissertation pursues a non-destructive technology capable of being applied in the field for the measurement of residual stresses on installed rails. The technology used to measure residual stress was x-ray diffraction, the equipment used to measure the residual stresses was the X-Stress 3000 analyzer. The results showed residual stresses in the welded zone, where specific zones of tensile stresses are presented near the center, and values of 391 MPa close to the center of the weld joint, and compressive stress was noted as it moved away from the weld center in values close to -166 MPa. There was compatibility with the available bibliography on the subject and, therefore, the technology shows great potential to be applied on railway rails.