Análise dos Focos Ativos e Áreas de Desmatamentos na Amazônia Legal no Período de 1999 a 2018

Abstract

The present study analyzes the series of active fire outbreaks and deforested areas and their comparison between states in the Legal Amazon, from 1999 to 2018. The objective of the research is to analyze the active fire outbreaks and deforested areas of the Legal Amazon, in order to understand their evolution and behavior through space and time. This study addresses descriptive and exploratory data surveys, with bibliographic and documentary research. Data were available on the website of the National Institute of Space Research (INPE). The active fire outbreaks were analyzed monthly, arranged in biennia and annually, and then compared between states. Deforestation was analyzed state by state and between them. One concludes the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia to have the highest concentrations of active fire outbreaks. The months with the highest occurrence of fire outbreaks are August-September, months of dry season with little rainfall, except for the state of Roraima, where fire outbreaks occur from November to April, since it lies on the equator. Regarding the deforested areas in the Legal Amazon, it was observed that most states had a reduction in deforestation between 2005 and 2012. It is noteworthy that environmental policies contributed to the reduction through the creation of the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) and its undertaking itself; this period also coincided with the creation of the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation. However, there was an increasing oscillation from 2012 onwards, and one must point out to there also have been a change in the Forest Code legislation during this same period. The causes of active fire outbreaks and deforested areas are mainly due to human activities, most often related to soil management for large-scale agriculture and cattle raising as well as urban sprawl, in the Legal Amazon.