Avaliação de imunidade eletromagnética radiada do protocolo IOT LORA

Abstract

Industrial automation, historically based on wired technologies, has evolved toward wireless solutions, driven by the increasing interconnection of devices and the need to overcome logistical and range limitations. In Industry 4.0, wireless communication plays a central role by integrating sensors, actuators, and control systems into an intelligent production environment. This integration enables real-time data collection and analysis, facilitating automation, optimization, and process flexibility. Despite the benefits, adopting wireless technologies faces significant challenges, particularly electromagnetic interference (EMI), which can compromise the operation of devices and systems. This study presented an analysis of the electromagnetic immunity of the LoRa protocol, using the Heltec V2 board, which incorporates the SX1278 chip, to evaluate its robustness in environments subject to electromagnetic interference. The tests, conducted according to the IEC 61000-4-3 standard, identified critical failure frequencies such as 232.4 MHz, 412 MHz, and 615.2 MHz under different parameter configurations. In these conditions, partial or total communication loss was observed, depending on the intensity of the irradiated field, demonstrating that different configurations can significantly impact the system's immunity. Solutions such as using robust protocols, including LoRaWAN and NB-IoT, spectral spreading techniques, electromagnetic shielding, and filters can mitigate the effects of EMI. Furthermore, future strategies include developing adaptive algorithms to dynamically adjust communication parameters and signal failures, enhancing the resilience and reliability of the LoRa protocol in complex industrial environments. The results of this research contribute to improving wireless communications in Industry 4.0, highlighting LoRa as an essential technology for robust and efficient connectivity.