Teses
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://rigalileo.itegam.org.br/handle/123456789/175
Teses produzidas oriundas de convênios com universidades
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item ESTUDOS DE PROCESSOS DE EXTRAÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE FIBRAS DO FRUTO DO AÇAÍ (Euterpe oleracea MART.) DA AMAZÔNIA PARA PRODUÇÃO DE ECOPAINEL DE PARTÍCULAS DE MÉDIA DENSIDADE(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) MESQUITA, Antonio de Lima; FARIA, Lênio José Guerreiro deThe fibrous tissue of the açaí fruit (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is discarded in large quantities in the Metropolitan Region of Belém (PA), Brazil, after juice production. This agro-industrial residue is rarely utilized sustainably. This thesis aimed to study extraction and treatment processes of açaí fruit fibers through biological maceration, both spontaneous and induced, and chemical mercerization with NaOH, with and without autoclave, for the development of new alternative composite materials for the civil construction industry. Anatomical, chemical, physical, and mechanical characterizations of the fibers were performed, followed by the fabrication of homogeneous particle ecopanels bonded with castor oil-based bicomponent polyurethane resin. The physical-mechanical and microstructural characterization of the ecopanels demonstrated significant improvements in treated fiber properties, such as tensile strength, water absorption, and thickness swelling, evidencing the potential use of the residue as raw material for the production of sustainable ecopanels with possible applications in the construction and furniture industries.Item OTIMIZAÇÃO MULTIOBJETIVO DA COMPENSAÇÃO DE POTÊNCIA REATIVA EM REDES DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO CONSIDERANDO RESTRIÇÕES DE DISTORÇÃO HARMÔNICA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) AZEVEDO, Manoel Socorro Santos; BEZERRA, Ubiratan HolandaThe correct location of capacitor banks in electric power distribution networks aims to compensate for excess reactive power flow through transmission lines, reducing operational costs by decreasing energy losses and increasing active power transmission capacity while ensuring appropriate voltage and power factor levels. The proliferation of nonlinear loads has introduced new challenges due to the harmful effects of harmonics on power quality. This thesis develops a computational tool using computational intelligence techniques with genetic algorithms (GA) for multiobjective optimization of reactive power compensation in electric distribution networks, capable of optimally locating and sizing compensation units while achieving economic benefits and complying with Brazilian power quality standards. The approach considers the use of capacitor banks and harmonic filters and applies the NSGA-II algorithm to determine Pareto-optimal solutions. The methodology enables the determination of reactive power compensation considering harmonic presence while maintaining compliance with normative limits on harmonic distortion.Item PROJETO MULTICRITÉRIO DE FILTROS HARMÔNICOS PASSIVOS PARA INSTALAÇÕES INDUSTRIAIS UTILIZANDO TÉCNICAS DE INTELIGÊNCIA COMPUTACIONAL(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) LEITE, Jandecy Cabral; TOSTES, Maria Emília de LimaDue to the industrial growth in Northern Brazil, especially at the Manaus Industrial Pole (PIM), mathematical tools are needed to assist experts in selecting and sizing harmonic filters that neutralize the harmful effects of harmonics generated by nonlinear loads and ensure compliance with power quality standards. Additionally, passive harmonic filters (PHF) can act as reactive power compensators, achieving significant energy billing savings. This thesis develops a mathematical method and a computational tool for selecting the configuration and design parameters of PHFs in industrial systems, formulating the problem as a multi-objective optimization that considers both harmonic distortion reduction and the project's economic effectiveness, complying with Brazilian and international standards. The computational solution is based on the NSGA-II genetic algorithm, generating a Pareto front of optimal solutions that allow designers to select the most suitable option. The tool includes innovative features, such as automatic selection of filter configuration and number of branches, and considers various operational scenarios. Validation was performed through practical examples that demonstrated the advantages of the proposed method.Item UMA NOVA SOLUÇÃO PARA A OTIMIZAÇÃO DO DESPACHO ECONÔMICO E AMBIENTAL UTILIZANDO METAHEURÍSTICAS DA COMPUTAÇÃO BIO-INSPIRADA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016) NASCIMENTO, Manoel Henrique Reis; NUNES, Marcus Vinícius AlvesDue to the significant industrial growth in Northern Brazil, especially at the Industrial Pole of Manaus (PIM), there has been an increased need for energy generation, which in this region is provided by thermoelectric plants (UTEs) in over 90% of its total. Thus, it became necessary to use computational tools that help specialists and operators make decisions about the optimal power dispatch, contemplating not only cost reduction but also reducing atmospheric pollution levels. This thesis presents a new solution proposal for the classic optimization problem of Economic Dispatch (ED) and Economic and Environmental Dispatch (EAD), using several Deterministic methods (Iteration Lambda, Quadratic Programming, Newton method) and Bio-Inspired Heuristic methods (Genetic Algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization, Differential Evolution, Simulated Annealing, Grey Wolf Optimizer, and Artificial Bee Colony), as well as the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II and NSGA-III) for the EAD. The proposal includes shutting down generators with higher operating costs to reduce fuel costs and pollutant emissions like NOx and CO₂. The robustness of the methodology was validated with a set of ten generating units and three benchmark systems described in the literature, showing significant advantages of the new proposed solution.Item ANÁLISE EXPERIMENTAL DO PROCESSO DE EXTRAÇÃO DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE PUXURI [Licaria puchury-major (Mart.) Kosterm., Lauraceae] POR ARRASTE COM VAPOR(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) MAFRA, Eduardo de Souza; FARIA, Lênio José Guerreiro deThis work experimentally analyzes the extraction process of essential oil from seeds and aerial parts of puxuri by steam distillation. Puxuri [Licaria puchury-major (Mart.) Kosterm., Lauraceae] is an Amazonian forest species with great potential for the bioproducts industry (pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, and natural pesticides) due to the presence of safrole in its essential oil. An anatomical and physicochemical characterization study was carried out on plant parts used for oil extraction. The drying kinetics of seeds, thin branches, and leaves were studied, and the influence of convective drying on safrole content and final moisture was quantified. Statistically designed experiments identified the optimal levels of process variables to maximize both essential oil yield and safrole content within the adopted experimental domain and 90% confidence. The essential oil was chemically analyzed by GC-MS to identify its major components. Desorption isotherms were obtained for powdered puxuri seeds, well-fitted by the GAB model, with estimated sorption heats and equilibrium moisture contents. The essential oil showed low toxicity, and the solid residue from the extraction process can be used as raw material for the production of cold-process transparent soaps.Item MODELO MATEMÁTICO PARA OTIMIZAÇÃO MULTIOBJETIVO DO DESPACHO ECONÔMICO AMBIENTAL DE USINAS TÉRMICAS USANDO O NSGA-II(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) MORAES, Nadime Mustafa; BEZERRA, Ubiratan HolandaOne of the priority tasks for thermoelectric plants is to supply the requested energy demand, ensuring the lowest possible cost. This task is especially important in the Northern Region of Brazil, particularly in the Manaus Industrial Hub (PIM), where much of the energy is supplied by Thermoelectric Power Plants (UTE). The selection of generators and their work regime is known as Economic Dispatch (DE). However, global concern about pollution caused by fossil fuels has made it essential to incorporate not only cost reduction but also the limitation of pollutant emissions in UTE operations. Thus, Environmental Economic Dispatch (DEA) emerges, aiming to simultaneously reduce costs and emissions. This thesis proposes an innovative mathematical model for DEA, using the NSGA-II evolutionary algorithm with two objective functions: fuel cost and amount of emissions. The model also introduces the Emissions Index, a new function to evaluate environmental contamination, considering the influence of the most harmful pollutants. The model was applied to engines of two UTEs in the city of Manaus, showing satisfactory results. The methodology proved robust when validated in two case studies: a set of ten thermal generating units and the IEEE 118-bus system.Item MEDIÇÃO DA INTEROPERABILIDADE LOGÍSTICA COM USO DO MODELO DE EQUAÇÕES ESTRUTURAIS(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 2017) SANTIAGO, Sandro Breval; RODRIGUEZ, Carlos Manoel TaboadaThe logistic interoperability (IOL) measurement model can contribute to improving operations, responsiveness, and costs of organizations in terms of logistics operations. The main objective of this thesis is to contribute to the development of a measurement model of the degree of logistic interoperability, as well as to the theoretical creation and support of the concept of logistic interoperability. Based on the established research method, a portfolio was built serving as a basis for the elaboration of the conceptual model, discussed and legitimized with logistics specialists from the Manaus Industrial Hub (PIM). The conceptual model included the following exogenous latent variables: strategy, inbound logistics, outbound logistics, and internal logistics, along with the endogenous variable: IOL itself. Thirteen indicators and 76 observable variables were constructed. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied with the partial least squares technique (PLS-PM) using SmartPLS® software. The results demonstrated the adherence of the proposed model, with convergent and discriminant validity, consistency, and reliability, with effective application in an industrial company of the PIM.Item MODELO PARA AVALIAR O DESEMPENHO DA LOGÍSTICA INTERNA(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 2017) LIMA, Orlem Pinheiro de; RODRIGUEZ, Carlos Manuel TaboadaThe market has demanded efficiency, effectiveness, creativity, and agility from organizations, requiring them to be competitive and sustainable. Logistics is a fundamental strategic link, yet the literature lacks studies on the organization and evaluation of internal logistics. This thesis aims to develop a Model to Evaluate the Level of Internal Logistics Performance, identifying its component parts and how they are structured and measured. The study was based on bibliographical, bibliometric, and empirical research, identifying a gap. A methodology with 16 steps was developed, using multicriteria methods, Solver Excel, and the Fuzzy Logic toolbox (MATLAB). Initially, 15 component parts of internal logistics were established, adjusted, and validated as 13 through interaction with industry specialists. The model was tested in three companies, confirming consistency in the analyses with 95% accuracy. Results include identifying component parts, defining priority weights, properties of components, and a mathematical equation to calculate an index defining the Model, offering both conceptual and practical contributions to the literature and business competitiveness.Item GESTÃO TERMOECOLÓGICA DE USINAS TERMOELÉTRICAS COM MOTORES DE COMBUSTÃO INTERNA: MODELO BASEADO EM ASPECTOS TÉCNICOS, ECONÔMICOS E AMBIENTAIS(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 2017) SILVA, Wagner Ferreira; CAMPOS, Lucila Maria de SouzaAlthough there is a global trend toward renewable energy use, in thermoelectric plants, the main energy source remains fossil fuels. These plants, while generating the required electrical power for consumption, are significant sources of environmental pollution. This thesis develops a proposal for the thermoecological management of thermoelectric plants, jointly evaluating the thermal and environmental efficiency of internal combustion engines powered by fossil fuels, specifically fuel oil and natural gas. Different mathematical models were created and used in the development of procedures integrating technical (efficiencies), economic (fuel consumption and cost), and environmental (emission index, ecological function, and eco-efficiency) aspects. For the first time, the concept of entransy is applied to evaluate engine efficiency and to enhance the ecological function initially developed by Angulo-Brown. The concept of eco-efficiency was employed in the multi-objective optimization of load dispatch, allowing managers to evaluate different simulations in pursuit of higher thermoecological efficiency. Practical evaluation was carried out through the application of these procedures in a specific software for the type of thermoelectric plants analyzed. The main results include theoretical advances in thermoecological management and the creation of a practical tool for data analysis and decision-making. The effectiveness of the proposed procedures was demonstrated in real cases with different generation and fuel type scenarios.Item METODOLOGIA DE PLANEJAMENTO PARA INSERÇÃO DE GERADORES FOTOVOLTAICOS EM REDES ELÉTRICAS ISOLADAS E SUPRIDAS POR GERADORES A DIESEL(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) GONÇALVES, Cláudio; VIEIRA, João Paulo AbreuRenewable energy sources based on photovoltaic generation (PVG) are promising energy alternatives to complement conventional, centralized power generation, as the diesel thermal plants supplying power to isolated grids in cities and remote locations in the Amazon Region. The allocation and sizing of generators for distributed generation application (DG) is a challenging problem, with technical and economic implications related to the planning, design and operation of these systems. Particularly, the PVG presents added difficulty as it is a function of environmental conditions, mainly temperature and solar radiation. This thesis presents an analytical methodology to allocate and size active power photovoltaic generation units with embedded DC/AC inverter (PVGI) to be integrated as concentrated or dispersed generation in isolated medium voltage electrical grids. The proposed methodology considers multiple objectives to be reached namely: improving the electrical grid voltage profile; reducing active power losses; and reducing the diesel generation participation, providing, this way, a reduction in diesel oil consumption and in the environmental pollution. The global obtained solution of the proposed method is a weighted commitment to these goals, presenting different weights according to priorities established in the electrical system under planning. To validate the proposed methodology, the IEEE 33 and 69 buses networks and an isolated real electrical system were modeled and simulated. The real electrical system is located in Aveiro City, in the Amazon region, Brazil. The simulation results obtained demonstrated that the proposed methodology is effective in providing a solution with significant improvement in voltage profile, active power losses reduction, and diesel generation participation reduction, according to viable technical and economic indicators to the PVGI integration in the isolated electrical grid.