Os impactos socioambientais causados pela exigência do cadastro ambiental rural aos agricultores familiares do Estado do Amazonas em 2019

Abstract

Environmental issues continue to be on the growth agenda around the world. A large part of global concerns is focused on the Amazon, even if it leaves aside the entire human contingent that inhabits this space, as Amazonian family farmers do. Usually, it is disregarded that the conservation of this ecosystem depends essentially on the human beings that live here. Therefore, this territory's management must create and implement mechanisms and instruments capable of promoting sustainable rural development in the region, bringing together social and environmental interests, which must be done through the laws. For this convergence, the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) was created as an instrument for implementing sustainable rural public policies. This study investigates the socio-environmental impacts caused by the CAR requirement on family farmers living in rural areas of the state of Amazonas in 2019. Hypothetical-deductive and scientific-technological methods were used, and bibliographic surveys, documents, and interviews with professionals who work in the registration of these farmers. The results showed that 1) the filling failures hampered the validation of the CAR and that, therefore, an operational procedure must be created to enable its execution, 2) the group of Amazonian family farmers is predominantly made up of men, married, with low education, squatters and who develop subsistence activities, 3) the lack of environmental licensing and the restriction of access to resources intended for rural credit were the significant socio-environmental impacts caused in 2019 and that 4) the implementation of the operational procedure proposed in this study for registration of the CAR can alleviate the conflicts of overlapping registered registries, which will benefit family farmers and similar populations, guardians of these areas. The conclusion reaffirms that the simplified character attributed to federal and state legislation was not enough to make the CAR feasible for Amazonian family farmers in 2019 without causing them significant socio-environmental impacts.